HPAL for Chalcopyrite
High-pressure acid leaching processes chalcopyrite concentrates at 200-230°C and 1,500-3,000 kPa, achieving >97% copper extraction.
Autoclave Design
Titanium-lined autoclaves with 4-6 compartments provide staged residence time. Steam-heated slurry maintains target temperature.
Economic Considerations
HPAL has higher capital cost but offers superior recovery from chalcopyrite. Economics depend on copper price and energy costs.